What is Acid Reflux?

Acid reflux occurs when stomach acid and food rise into the esophagus after eating, instead of being contained in the stomach and eventually passing into the small intestine. Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is characterized by frequent bouts of acid reflux.

Most people have had at least an occasional bout of acid reflux, especially after overeating or during the holidays. It is estimated that one out of five people in the US suffers from GERD.

Causes of Acid Reflux and GERD

Acid reflux and GERD are triggered by a typical Western diet consisting of low fiber, highly processed foods and complex meals that impair digestion. The stomach may struggle in its efforts to complete the initial breakdown of these foods, which can lead to over secretion of acid and ultimately refluxing of the food and acid into the esophagus.

Under secretion of acid and low digestive enzyme levels can also cause inadequate breakdown of foods by the stomach and lead to reflux.

Acid reflux drugs (such as PPI acid reducers) can actually worsen reflux because they inhibit the stomach’s production of acid and hinder its efforts to break down foods properly.

Symptoms of Acid Reflux and GERD

The most common symptoms of acid reflux and GERD are heartburn, belching and pain in the throat. Nausea, bloating, hiccups, and regurgitation of stomach acid can accompany the heartburn. Individuals with acid reflux may also pass bloody or black stools.

Long-term effects of Acid Reflux and GERD

Acid reflux and GERD can lead to painful inflammation in the esophagus known as esophagitis. They can also cause dysphagia, a narrowing of the esophagus which makes swallowing difficult. Tooth decay can result when stomach acid rises into the mouth. In chronic cases, acid reflux and GERD can lead to Barrett’s esophagus (a condition where the esophagus is severely damaged) and possibly esophageal cancer.